The genus Ranunculus L. (Ranunculus) in Asia: a review of its botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, and pharmaceutical preparations.

OBJECTIVES: Ranunculus L. genus contains 413 species, and it is the biggest genus in the family Ranunculaceae Juss. This review is to provide botanical characteristics, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, and pharmaceutical preparations of the genus Ranunculus. KEY FINDINGS: The genus Ranunculus contains flavonoids, organic acids, coumarins, lactones, glycosides, sterols, polysaccharides, and trace elements. These chemical constituents complement the pharmacological actions and work together to exert anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antitubercular, antibacterial, antimalarial, etc. Those traditional Chinese medicine characteristics, like clearing away heat and detoxification, make this genus significant in ethnic medicine. The progress in research and the development of various pharmaceutical preparations made it appear in epidemiological and clinical studies. SUMMARY: The genus Ranunculus has attracted the attention of experts and scholars in many fields due to its unique advantages. However, there are many species that are not scientifically investigated. The toxicity issues are also a huge concern. Fortunately, the toxicity can be overcome via special processes like drying or heating and by choosing a safe extraction solvent, such as water thus ensuring the safety of medication. Pharmaceutical preparations containing the plants from Ranunculus have gratifying clinical value, but they are not promoted sufficiently. Therefore, further research should be carried out to promote the genus for its health benefits to humans.

Spatial transcriptomics reveals prognosis-associated cellular heterogeneity in the papillary thyroid carcinoma microenvironment.

BACKGROUND: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common malignant endocrine tumour, and its incidence and prevalence are increasing considerably. Cellular heterogeneity in the tumour microenvironment is important for PTC prognosis. Spatial transcriptomics is a powerful technique for cellular heterogeneity study. METHODS: In conjunction with a clinical pathologist identification method, spatial transcriptomics was employed to characterise the spatial location and RNA profiles of PTC-associated cells within the tissue sections. The spatial RNA-clinical signature genes for each cell type were extracted and applied to outlining the distribution regions of specific cells on the entire section. The cellular heterogeneity of each cell type was further revealed by ContourPlot analysis, monocle analysis, trajectory analysis, ligand-receptor analysis and Gene Ontology enrichment analysis. RESULTS: The spatial distribution region of tumour cells, typical and atypical follicular cells (FCs and AFCs) and immune cells were accurately and comprehensively identified in all five PTC tissue sections. AFCs were identified as a transitional state between FCs and tumour cells, exhibiting a higher resemblance to the latter. Three tumour foci were shared among all patients out of the 13 observed. Notably, tumour foci No. 2 displayed elevated expression levels of genes associated with lower relapse-free survival in PTC patients. We discovered key ligand-receptor interactions, including LAMB3-ITGA2, FN1-ITGA3 and FN1-SDC4, involved in the transition of PTC cells from FCs to AFCs and eventually to tumour cells. High expression of these patterns correlated with reduced relapse-free survival. In the tumour immune microenvironment, reduced interaction between myeloid-derived TGFB1 and TGFBR1 in tumour focus No. 2 contributed to tumourigenesis and increased heterogeneity. The spatial RNA-clinical analysis method developed here revealed prognosis-associated cellular heterogeneity in the PTC microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of tumour foci No. 2 and three enhanced ligand-receptor interactions in the AFC area/tumour foci reduced the relapse-free survival of PTC patients, potentially leading to improved prognostic strategies and targeted therapies for PTC patients.

Pan-Cancer Drug Response Prediction Using Integrative Principal Component Regression.

The pursuit of precision oncology heavily relies on large-scale genomic and pharmacological data garnered from preclinical cancer model systems such as cell lines. While cell lines are instrumental in understanding the interplay between genomic programs and drug response, it well-established that they are not fully representative of patient tumors. Development of integrative methods that can systematically assess the commonalities between patient tumors and cell-lines can help bridge this gap. To this end, we introduce the Integrative Principal Component Regression (iPCR) model which uncovers both joint and model-specific structured variations in the genomic data of cell lines and patient tumors through matrix decompositions. The extracted joint variation is then used to predict patient drug responses based on the pharmacological data from preclinical models. Moreover, the interpretability of our model allows for the identification of key driver genes and pathways associated with the treatment-specific response in patients across multiple cancers. We demonstrate that the outputs of the iPCR model can assist in inferring both model-specific and shared co-expression networks between cell lines and patients. We show that iPCR performs favorably compared to competing approaches in predicting patient drug responses, in both simulation studies and real-world applications, in addition to identifying key genomic drivers of cancer drug responses.

Amelioration of intestinal barrier function and reduction of blood lead level in adult women with recurrent spontaneous abortion by a novel product of dietary fiber mixture, Holofood.

BACKGROUND: The elevated circulating toxins secondary to the impairment of intestinal barrier integrity commonly elicit a chronic inflammatory response and finally contribute to multiple diseases. These toxins, including bacterial by-products and heavy metals, are the potent risk factors for the development of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). Preclinical evidence suggests that several dietary fibers can restore intestinal barrier function and decrease the accumulation of heavy metals. However, it is uncertain whether treatment with a newly developed blend of dietary fibers product (Holofood) benefits patients with RSA. METHODS: In this trial, we enrolled 70 adult women with RSA, who were randomly assigned into the experiment group and the control group in a 2:1 ratio. Upon the basis of conventional therapy, subjects in the experiment group (n = 48) received 8 weeks oral administration with Holofood three times daily at a dose of 10 g each time. Subjects without Holofood consumption were set as the control (n = 22). Blood samples were collected for the determinations of metabolic parameters, heavy mental lead, and the indices related to intestinal barrier integrity (D-lactate, bacterial endotoxin, and diamine oxidase activity). RESULTS: The reduction amplitude in blood lead from baseline to week 8 was 40.50 ± 54.28 (µg/L) in the experiment group as compared with 13.35 ± 36.81 (µg/L) in the control group (P = 0.037). The decreased level of serum D-lactate from baseline to week 8 was 5.58 ± 6.09 (mg/L) in the experiment group as compared with - 2.38 ± 8.90 (mg/L, P < 0.0001) in the control group. The change in serum DAO activity from baseline to week 8 was 3.26 ± 2.23 (U/L) in the experiment group as compared with - 1.24 ± 2.22 (U/L, P < 0.0001) in the control group. Participants who received Holofood had a greater decline in blood endotoxin from baseline to week 8 than those in the control group. Moreover, by comparing with the self-baseline, Holofood consumption significantly decreased the blood levels of lead, D-lactate, bacterial endotoxin, and DAO activity. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that Holofood affords a clinically relevant improvements in blood lead level and intestinal barrier dysfunction in patients with RSA.

Identification of ZmBK2 Gene Variation Involved in Regulating Maize Brittleness.

Maize stalk strength is a crucial agronomic trait that affects lodging resistance. We used map-based cloning and allelic tests to identify a maize mutant associated with decreased stalk strength and confirmed that the mutated gene, ZmBK2, is a homolog of Arabidopsis AtCOBL4, which encodes a COBRA-like glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein. The bk2 mutant exhibited lower cellulose content and whole-plant brittleness. Microscopic observations showed that sclerenchymatous cells were reduced in number and had thinner cell walls, suggesting that ZmBK2 affects the development of cell walls. Transcriptome sequencing of differentially expressed genes in the leaves and stalks revealed substantial changes in the genes associated with cell wall development. We constructed a cell wall regulatory network using these differentially expressed genes, which revealed that abnormal cellulose synthesis may be a reason for brittleness. These results reinforce our understanding of cell wall development and provide a foundation for studying the mechanisms underlying maize lodging resistance.

Follicular helper T lymphocytes in the endometria of patients with reproductive failure: Association with pregnancy outcomes and inflammatory status of the endometria.

PROBLEM: The phenotypes and functions of B and CD4+ T-helper cell subsets during chronic inflammation of the endometria remain largely unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and functions of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells to understand the pathological mechanisms of chronic endometritis (CE). METHOD OF STUDY: Eighty patients who underwent hysteroscopic and histopathological examinations for CE were divided into three groups-those with positive results for hysteroscopy and CD138 staining (DP), negative results for hysteroscopy but positive CD138 staining (SP), and negative results for hysteroscopy and CD138 staining (DN). The phenotypes of B cells and CD4+ T-cell subsets were analyzed using flow cytometry. RESULTS: CD38+ and CD138+ cells were mainly expressed in the non-leukocyte population of the endometria, and the endometrial CD19+ CD138+ B cells were fewer than the CD3+ CD138+ T cells. The percentage of Tfh cells increased with chronic inflammation in the endometria. Additionally, the elevated percentage of Tfh cells correlated with the number of miscarriages. CONCLUSIONS: CD4+ T cells, particularly Tfh cells, may be critical in chronic endometrial inflammation and affect its microenvironment, thereby regulating endometrial receptivity, compared to B cells.

Immune profiling identifies CD8+ T-cell subset signatures as prognostic markers for recurrence in papillary thyroid cancer.

Background: Thyroid tissue has a special immune microenvironment that is not well characterized. Whether immune cells have a prognostic value in the recurrence of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) needs further investigation. Methods: Multinodular non-toxic goiter (MNG) was taken as normal tissue for the difficulty in obtaining completely normal thyroid tissue (normal thyroid function, no thyroiditis, and no nodules). We compared the composition of mononuclear cells (MNCs) in peripheral blood and thyroid tissues from MNG and PTC patients by high-dimensional flow cytometry profiling and verified the results by multiplex immunohistochemistry. The recurrence rates of PTC patients with different CD8+T cell subset signatures were compared using TCGA database. Results: We observed that the immune cell composition of MNG was different from that in peripheral blood. Thyroid tissue contains higher percentages of T cells and NK cells. Moreover, the percentages of memory T cells and Treg cells were higher in thyroid than in peripheral blood and increased in PTC tumors. We further focused on the antitumoral CD8+T cells and found that the expression patterns of PD-1, CD39, and CD103 on CD8+T cells were different between MNG and PTC. Importantly, we found higher percentages of PD-1+CD39+CD103+CD8+T and PD-1+CD39+CD103-CD8+T cells in PTC tumor tissues from recurrent patients than non-recurrent patients. By analyzing PTC data from TCGA database, we found that the expression patterns of these molecules were associated with different pathologic types and genders among PTC patients. Moreover, patients with PD-1hiCD39loCD103hiCD8hi, PD-1hiCD39hiCD103loCD8hi, and PD-1loCD39hiCD103hiCD8hi expression patterns have a higher 10-year recurrence-free survival. Conclusion: The immune microenvironment in MNG tissue is distinct from that in peripheral blood and paratumor tissue. More memory CD8+T cells were detected in PTC, and expression patterns of PD-1, CD39, and CD103 on CD8+T cells were significantly different in physiology and gender and associated with the recurrence rate of PTC. These observations indicate that CD8+T cell signatures may be useful prognostic markers for PTC recurrence.

Comparison of Geqingpi and Sihuaqingpi based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry combined with multivariate statistics, network pharmacology analysis, and molecular docking.

Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride is used in traditional Chinese medicine as Geqingpi and Sihuaqingpi varieties. We used the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-Exactive Orbitrap-mass spectrometry method and high-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole-tandem mass spectrometry to analyze the chemical compounds in these varieties. Principal components analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis were used to analyze the quantitative results. Network pharmacology and molecular docking technology were used to forecast Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride treatment mechanisms in irritable bowel syndrome. We identified 44 main compounds in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride. Compared to Sihuaqingpi, Geqingpi had higher narirutin, didymin, naringenin, and hesperetin, and lower hesperidin, isosinensetin, nobiletin, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone, tangeretin. Tangeretin, nobiletin, narirutin, didymin, and isosinensetin were the main compounds distinguishing Geqingpi from Sihuaqingpi. We found that the MAPK signaling pathway, which is closely related to irritable bowel syndrome, was an important target pathway. TP53, HRAS, MAPK1, AKT1, and EGFR were important targets in this pathway. Eriodictyol-7-O-rutinoside, narirutin, limonin, and hesperidin showed a good binding ability to the five targets. Orientin, unique to Sihuaqingpi, bound well to TP53, MAPK1, AKT1, and EGFR, while rhoifolin bound well to TP53, HRAS, MAPK1, AKT1, and EGFR. Hesperetin, unique to Geqingpi, bound well to TP53, HRAS, and MAPK1, while naringenin bound well to HRAS. Hesperidin and didymin bound well to TP53, MAPK1, AKT1, and EGFR.

Long-Chain Modification of the Tips and Inner Walls of MWCNTs and Their Nanocomposite Reverse Osmosis Membranes.

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were modified on the tips and inner walls by 12-chloro-12-oxododecanedioic acid-methyl ester groups and then added to the polyamide composite membranes to prepare MWCNT-CH2OCOC12H23O2 membranes for desalination. The characterization results of transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform, infrared transform, and thermogravimetric analysis showed that the 12-chloro-12-oxododecanedioic acid-methyl ester group was successfully grafted to the entrances and inner walls of the MWCNTs. The performance of the MWCNTs' composite membranes was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, contact angle, and filtration test. The modified membrane morphology is more uniform, and there is no structural damage. The grafting of carbon nanotubes with methyl 12-chloro-12-oxydodecyldicarboxylate could improve the hydrophilicity of the membrane. Under identical conditions, the water flux of MWCNT-CH2OCOC12H23O2 membranes was higher than that of the pristine carbon nanotube's membrane, and the desalination rate was also slightly improved.

[Chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Dictamni Cortex: a review].

Dictamni Cortex, the dried root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus, has many chemical constituents, such as alkaloids, limonoids, flavonoids, sesquiterpenoids, glycosides, and steroids.It has the effects of anti-inflammation, anti-fungi, anti-arteriosclerosis, stopping bleeding, anti-cancer, neuroprotection, and antioxidation.The chemical constituents of Dictamni Cortex are the important material basis for its medicinal effects.This paper reviewed the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Dictamni Cortex and analyzed the research trend and present research progress on this medicinal, with a view to its further development and utilization.

A case of prenatal diagnosis of 16q24.3 microdeletion KBG syndrome and review of the literature.

Here we report a case of a 16q24.3 microdeletion KBG syndrome (KBGS) in a fetus. The absence of a well-defined phenotype poses a challenge for genetic diagnosis. This report demonstrated that the high-risk chromosome 21 trisomy could be the first manifestation of KBGS, as observed in this case.

Analyses of Physical and Chemical Compositions of Different Medicinal Specifications of CRPV by Use of Multiple Instrumental Techniques Combined with Multivariate Statistical Analysis.

Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride (CRPV) is the processed product of Citrus reticulata Blanco. We systematically analyzed two CRPV types, Geqingpi (GQP) and Sihuaqingpi (SHQP), based on powder color, microscopic characteristics, and chemical composition. In addition, we characterized their constituents via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS). Both showed significant differences in their powder color and microscopic characteristics. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic analysis results showed that the C=O peak absorption of carboxylic acids and their carbonyl esters in SHQP was higher than that of GQP, while the C-OH and C-H plane bending peaks of polysaccharides were lower than those of GQP. We analyzed these data via similarity analysis, PCA, and OPLS-DA. GQP and SHQP had large distinct differences. Based on the mass measurements for molecular and characteristic fragment ions, we identified 44 main constituents from CRPV, including different flavonoid glycosides and flavonoid aglycones in SHQP and GQP, respectively. We found luteolin-6-C-glucoside, orientin, rhoifolin, and pilloin solely in SHQP, and naringenin and hesperetin only in GQP. The peak area measurements showed GQP having a higher flavonoid glycoside (narirutin, hesperidin, etc.) content, whereas SHQP had a higher polymethoxyflavone (nobiletin, tangeretin, etc.) content. Since we holistically analyzed two CRPV types, the results can not only support future pharmacological research, but also provide a scientific basis for formulating more reasonable CRPV quality standards and guide its clinical potential as a precision medicine.

Ratiometric detection of transcription factor based on Europium(III) complex-doped silicon nanoparticles and a G-quadruplex-selective Iridium(III) complex.

To sensitively detect transcription factor (TF) in complicated biological systems, a ratiometric luminescent detection system based on europium(III) complex-doped silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) and a G-quadruplex (G4)-selective iridium(III) complex has been successfully constructed. During the biosensor fabrication, the G-rich hairpin DNA H1 was immobilized on the surface of SiNPs which was doped with the europium(III) complex Eu(III)(EDTA)(DPA). The dsDNA (S1/S2) contains TF recognition site, and one of its ssDNA S2 is protected by TF from the digestion of exonuclease III (Exo III). The survived S2 starts a signal amplification process at the aid of Exo III, then a lot of G4 DNA was generated which can be recognized by the G4-selective iridium(III) complex (Ir(III)-2G). So, the emission intensity of Ir(III)-2G is enhanced with the increase of TF concentration, while the emission of Eu(III)(EDTA)(DPA) keeps stable. Ascribed to the long lifetimes of both metal complexes, the constructed detection platform can perform time-resolved emission spectroscopy (TRES) measurement in complicated biological systems. The ratiometric TF detection platform not only can detect NF-κB P50 in buffered system in the linear range of 0.05-5 nM with the limit of detection (LOD) 0.014 nM, but also is able to monitor NF-κB P50 in 10% human serum in the linear range of 0.05-5 nM with the LOD of 0.010 nM through TRES measurement. The two-metal complex-based ratiometric TF biosensor provides new strategy for low concentrations of biomarker detection in the complicated biological systems.

Serological reactivity of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine based on an S-RBD neutralizing antibody assay.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore the regularity of S-RBD domain antibody reactivity after immunization with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and evaluate the effect of this vaccine on the immune response. DESIGN OR METHODS: Venous blood samples were collected from 1156 healthcare workers who participated in the phase III clinical trial of the SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine. The S-RBD domain antibody levels in the serum were detected by ELISA 14 days after the first and second active immunization, respectively. RESULTS: The positive rates after inoculation of the first and second vaccination of S-RBD domain antibody against SARS-CoV-2 were 28.03% and 86.76%, respectively. The mean inhibition rate of S-RBD domain antibody against positive samples was 57.18 ± 18.87% after the second vaccination at 14 days. Sex and age had no effects on the positive rate. The positive rate was decreased in the high BMI group. Single-factor logistic analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between age and positive rate. BMI was negatively correlated with the positive rate. CONCLUSIONS: After 2 immunizations, the positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD domain antibody was high, and the vaccine had good immunogenicity. The improvement of the immune strategy should focus on the effects of BMI and other factors.

A Maize Necrotic Leaf Mutant Caused by Defect of Coproporphyrinogen III Oxidase in the Porphyrin Pathway.

Lesion mimic mutants provide ideal genetic materials for elucidating the molecular mechanism of cell death and disease resistance. The maize necrotic leaf mutant (nec-t) is a recessive mutant with necrotic spots and yellow-green leaves. In this study, we found that nec-t was a light and temperature-dependent mutant. Map-based cloning and the allelic test revealed that nec-t was a novel allelic mutant of the Necrotic4 gene. Necrotic4 encodes the coproporphyrinogen III oxidase (CPX1), a key enzyme in the tetrapyrrole pathway, catalyzing coproporphyrinogen III oxidate to protoporphyrinogen IX. Subcellular localization showed that the necrotic4 protein was localized in the chloroplast. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis showed that the Necrotic4 mutation caused the enhanced chlorophyll degradation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) response. The mechanism of plant lesion formation induced by light and temperature is not clear. Our research provides a basis for understanding the molecular mechanism of necrosis initiation in maize.

Whether the Agricultural Insurance Policy Achieves Green Income Growth-Evidence from the Implementation of China's Total Cost Insurance Pilot Program.

With the rise and popularization of the concept of green sustainable development, green income growth of agricultural insurance policies has attracted wide attention. Whether green income growth can be achieved has become an important criterion for measuring an agricultural insurance policy. In this context, this paper attempts to test whether the agricultural insurance policy achieves green income growth. Based on the panel data of 31 provinces (the research sample of this paper selects 31 provincial-level units (province for short) in China, including 22 provinces, 5 autonomous regions and 4 municipalities directly under the central government. Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macau Special Administrative Region and Taiwan Province are not included in the research sample) from 2009 to 2020 in China, this paper empirically evaluates the triple-effect of total cost insurance pilot program (TCI) on farmers' income, environment and public health by employing a difference-in-difference model (DID). The results show that TCI increases farmers' income, but deteriorates the environment and residents' health without achieving green income growth. In the analysis of heterogeneity, compared with central and western regions, farmers' income is more likely to increase in the eastern regions. However, environmental pollution is more severe, and residents' health deteriorates more, in eastern regions. In addition, the positive effect of TCI on farmers' income and the deterioration of residents' health is more obvious in areas with a higher degree of damage, while the negative effect of TCI on the environment is more obvious in areas with a lower degree of damage. Furthermore, the mechanism analysis shows that TCI not only promotes the increase in farmers' income through insurance density, but also affects the environment and residents' health through straw burning. Therefore, the government should raise the subsidy standard for farmers to use straw-processing equipment and also to implement differentiated subsidies in regions with different levels of economic development and areas with different degrees of damage.

The Impact of Green Credit on the Green Innovation Level of Heavy-Polluting Enterprises-Evidence from China.

This article uses the "Green Credit Guidelines" promulgated in 2012 as an example to construct a quasi-natural experiment and uses the double difference method to test the impact of the implementation of the "Green Credit Guidelines" on the green innovation activities of heavy-polluting enterprises. The study found that, in comparison to non-heavy polluting enterprises, the implementation of green credit policies inhibited the green innovation of all heavy-polluting enterprises. In the analysis of heterogeneity, this restraint effect did not differ significantly due to the nature of property rights and the company's size. The mechanism test showed that green credit policy limits the efficiency of business investment and increases the cost of financing business debt. Eliminating corporate credit financing, particularly long-term borrowing, negatively impacts the green innovation behavior of listed companies.

A theoretical study on the photodegradation mechanism of the endocrine disrupting chemical p-nonylphenol induced by OH in water.

Nonylphenol (NP) has attracted significant attention because of its widespread environmental presence, toxicity, and pseudo-estrogen properties. Photolysis is the main degradation pathway of many organic pollutants in water. In this study, the photodegradation mechanism of p-nonylphenol (p-NP) induced by OH in water was investigated using the density functional theory (DFT). Based on the calculations of charges using natural population analysis (NPA), the reaction of OH with NP included the carbon addition of a benzene ring and the hydrogen extraction of a phenolic hydroxyl group. The structures of all reactants, products, and intermediates were optimized at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level. Using vibrational frequency and intrinsic reaction coordinate analyses, the transition state and its reaction pathway were confirmed. Additionally, the solvent effect results showed the reaction preferably took place in water. Our results provide a theoretical basis for understanding the transformative process and assessing the potential risk of NP in the environment.

Second-Sphere Interaction Promoted Turn-On Fluorescence for Selective Sensing of Organic Amines in a TbIII -based Macrocyclic Framework.

Guided by a second-sphere interaction strategy, we fabricated a Tb(III)-based metal-organic framework (MMCF-4) for turn-on sensing of methyl amine with ultra-low detection limit and high turn-on efficiency. MMCF-4 features lanthanide nodes shielded in a nonacoordinate geometry along with secondary coordination spheres that are densely populated with H-bond interacting sites. Nonradiative routes were inhibited by binding-induced rigidification of the ligand on the second coordination sphere, resulting in luminescence amplification. Such remote interacting mechanism involved in the turn-on sensing event was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and molecular dynamic simulation studies. The design of both primary and secondary coordination spheres of Tb(III) enabled the first turn-on sensing of organic amines in aqueous conditions. Our work suggests a promising strategy for high-performance turn-on sensing for Ln-MOFs and luminous materials driven by other metal chromophores.

Tumor Mutation Burden Predicts Relapse in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma With Changes in Genes and Immune Microenvironment.

Background: The risk factors of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) recurrence are meaningful for patients and clinicians. Tumor mutation burden (TMB) has been a biomarker for the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) and prognosis in cancer. However, the role of TMB and its latent significance with immune cell infiltration in PTC are still unclear. Herein, we aimed to explore the effect of TMB on PTC prognosis. Material and Methods: RNA-seq and DNA-seq datasets of PTC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The Gene Ontology (GO) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA 4.0.1) were applied further to explore potential differences in PTC patients' biological functions. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and immune microenvironment between the high and low TMB groups were determined. Results: TMB had the highest AUC score than other clinical indicators in ROC analysis on recurrence-free survival, and a higher TMB score was related to a worse prognosis. Further, GSEA showed a higher level of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in the high TMB group, and four genes correlated with recurrence-free survival rate were identified. The abundance of CD8+ T cells and M1 macrophages in the high TMB group was significantly lower than that in the low TMB group. Conclusions: Our study found that TMB was a better predictor variable at evaluating the risk of PTC recurrence. Moreover, TMB-related genes conferred dramatically correlated prognosis, which was worth exploring in guiding postoperative follow-up and predicting recurrence for PTC patients.